Enhancing Learning & Development Programs with Constructivist Learning Theory

What is Constructivist Learning Theory?

Constructivist learning theory is primarily based on the idea that people actively construct or build their own knowledge and that their prior experiences define their reality as learners. Basically, learners use their prior knowledge as a foundational block and build on it with new things that they learn. New knowledge challenges, replaces, renews, repurposes, and shifts our prior understanding. There are two ways that we incorporate new information:

1. Assimilation: Including new information into an existing schema. For example, if you already know how to play guitar and you learn a new chord, you’re simply adding that chord to your existing knowledge of guitar playing.
2. Accommodation: Using new information to update or create new schemas. For instance, if you believe that all birds can fly and then learn about penguins, you’ll need to change your bird schema to accommodate this new information.

Constructivist learning theory offers a structure for individuals to learn and develop new knowledge. Constructivist learning theory gives L&D professionals new ways to think about how learning takes place – and how to build more effective learning programs. The central ideas of this theory can make your L&D programs more inclusive and robust and have lasting learning outcomes.

What are the Differences Between Traditional and Constructivist Learning?

The differences between traditional and constructivist learning are rooted in their approach to education and the role of the learner. Here’s a comparison:

Let’s see how!

What are the Features of an L&D Program Based on Constructivist Learning Theory?

A constructivist learning theory-based L&D program places the learner at the center, emphasizing active learning, collaboration, multiple perspectives, reflection, and authentic assessment. These features help create a learning environment where learners are inspired to construct their own knowledge and meaning from their experiences. By adopting this learner-centric approach, you can create a more empathetic and effective learning environment.

The following are fundamental characteristics of constructivist learning environments that must be considered when implementing constructivist teaching strategies:

Learners construct knowledge based on their unique experience

While constructivism may seem simple at one glance, it offers a fundamentally new technique of thinking about how we learn. We don’t learn by absorbing information like a sponge. We learn by taking new information added to the scaffolding of our existing experiences, knowledge, and beliefs. Therefore, knowledge is unique to each person and is shaped by their existing mental framework. What each individual learns and what they retain highly depends on the foundational block they bring with them.

Therefore, learners’ needs, backgrounds, and experiences should be central to the design of learning activities. Learning paths need to be personalized, allowing learners to explore paths that are most relevant and interesting to them. When suitable subject-matter experts can create training courses, they can tailor them to fit the prior experience of their learners, which aligns with the concept that knowledge isn’t just soaking up like a piece of sponge but assimilated in one way or another to existing knowledge.

Learning happens best when the learner is involved actively

It is not uncommon for us to incorporate new information imperfectly, leading to incorrect assumptions or misconceptions. Therefore, the most effective learning occurs when learners can examine and challenge their understanding by posing questions, participating in discussions, and considering different perspectives. This active involvement helps to refine and solidify their knowledge. Learners engage in activities that require them to apply concepts in real-world situations, solve problems, and make decisions, thereby encouraging deeper understanding through practical application.

When the learner is actively involved, receive feedback, and can assess their learning through practical experiences, it is much more likely that the learners will be able to recognize missed information and update their cognitive models. Instructors can add a wide range of questions, activities, quizzes, and comprehension checks through their training courses. These help to ensure that the essential concepts are retained and keep learners engaged throughout the learning journey.

Learners learn better when they are truly motivated

Since learning and professional development is an active pursuit, motivation plays a crucial role in the overall learning journey. Highly motivated learners are more likely to actively participate in the learning journey and build meaningful connections to the knowledge they previously gained. However, it is crucial to note that motivating an individual to learn requires more than adding interactive elements. Real motivation to learn comes from understanding the practical application of knowledge—knowing the how, why, and the situations in which it will be valuable.

If learners don’t know the objective of the knowledge/skills they are expected to learn, their only motivation becomes passing the test; at this point, they will forget everything they learned. To foster genuine motivation, creating a learning environment that connects the material to the learners’ real-life experiences and future goals is essential. Give learners some control over their learning process. Let them make choices about what, how, and when they learn. Moreover, it helps learners feel competent by setting achievable goals, providing positive feedback on their progress, and encouraging community and collaboration.

Learning is primarily a social event

Interacting with others is a very important part of constructing knowledge/skills. Group work, discussions, and interactions are all important to creating a better understanding as a learner. When we reflect on our previous experiences, we can see how our interactions with others are directly connected to the information learned. Educators are more likely to be successful if they understand that peer involvement is key to learning. Isolating learning isn’t the way to help learners learn and grow. Progressive education identifies that social interaction is key to learning, and it uses conversation, interaction, and group applications to help learners retain their knowledge.

Problem-centered teaching is often favored by learners for its practicality

Learners often prefer problem-centered instruction due to its real-world application. It prompts learners to reflect on their learning journey, comprehend the methods of their learning, and assess the process to assimilate new information with what they already know. Such reflection can be promoted through various means like maintaining journals, engaging in discussions, or participating in feedback sessions.

Educational programs that adopt this approach also advocate for the exploration of diverse perspectives and interpretations. This can be achieved by examining case studies, engaging in role-play, or participating in simulations that encourage learners to explore different solutions and perspectives. Technologies that support constructivist learning—such as simulations, virtual reality, or collaborative tools—can be integrated to enhance learning experiences and enable innovative ways of exploring and understanding content.

Implementing these features in an L&D program based on constructivist learning theory can lead to a more engaging, effective, and transformative learning experience tailored to the modern workplace or educational setting.

To learn more about constructivist learning theory and how it can help you build a better workplace L&D program, schedule a meeting for a fully customized eLearning demo today.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is constructivist learning theory?

A: Constructivist learning theory is primarily based on the idea that people actively construct or build their own knowledge and that their prior experiences define their reality as learners.

Q: What are the three types of constructivism theory?

A: The three types include Cognitive, Social, and Radical Constructivism.

Q: What is an example of constructivism learning theory?

A: An example of constructionism in learning can be collaborative learning.